What Is HMPV? Key Facts About the Respiratory Virus Spreading Across India

HMPV, which was first discovered in 2001, is a respiratory virus that primarily impacts the lungs and airways.

Recent findings from cities such as Bengaluru and Ahmedabad have confirmed cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in India. While this news has sparked public concern, health professionals emphasize that HMPV is neither new nor unfamiliar. It has been under investigation for more than twenty years and is a recognized cause of respiratory illnesses around the globe.

India has reported seven instances of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections among children, with cases identified in Bengaluru, Nagpur, Chennai, and Ahmedabad.

What is HMPV?

HMPV, which was first discovered in 2001, is a respiratory virus that primarily impacts the lungs and airways. It is particularly prevalent among children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems. Symptoms associated with HMPV include fever, cough, nasal congestion, and in more severe instances, breathing difficulties or pneumonia. Nevertheless, in most healthy individuals, the infection is typically mild and resolves on its own. This illness is typically seen during the winter and early spring months, much like Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and influenza.

How Does HMPV Compare to COVID-19?

Both viruses lead to respiratory illnesses that can affect individuals across all age groups. However, young children, the elderly, and those with compromised immune systems are particularly vulnerable.

Symptoms are quite comparable as well. Common signs linked to HMPV consist of cough, fever, nasal congestion, and shortness of breath. These same symptoms are also exhibited by individuals infected with the COVID-19 virus.

According to Science Direct, COVID-19 seems to be influenced by temperature, indicating a seasonal pattern. In a similar vein, the US CDC noted that HMPV has specific annual circulation periods. While HMPV can be found year-round, its infection rates generally reach their highest levels in the United States from late winter to early spring.

The transmission of both viruses primarily occurs when an infected individual coughs or sneezes, releasing secretions that can reach others nearby. Close personal contact also facilitates the spread. Additionally, the viruses can be transferred by touching contaminated objects or surfaces and subsequently touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

The transmission of both viruses primarily occurs when an infected individual coughs or sneezes, releasing secretions that can reach others nearby. Close personal contact also facilitates the spread. Additionally, the viruses can be transferred by touching contaminated objects or surfaces and subsequently touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.

Is There a Vaccine for HMPV?

Currently, there is no specific vaccine or antiviral treatment available for HMPV. Management focuses on alleviating symptoms, which includes staying hydrated, using over-the-counter medications for fever and congestion, and seeking medical help if symptoms worsen. Preventive strategies such as regular handwashing, avoiding crowded areas, and practicing good respiratory hygiene are effective in minimizing the risk of infection.

Current Situation in India

The identification of HMPV in India comes at a time when respiratory infections are on the rise globally, including in China. However, Indian health officials have reassured the public that HMPV is a recognized virus and does not pose an unusual threat.

HMPV typically presents symptoms akin to those of other respiratory viruses, and if the outbreak is not swiftly managed, it can significantly burden the healthcare system.