From ‘Hum Do, Hamare Do’ to ‘Hum Do, Hamare Hum’: How Gen Z Is Redefining India’s Family Norms
From ‘Hum Do, Hamare Do’ to ‘Hum Do, Hamare Hum’: How Gen Z Is Redefining India’s Family Norms
Rising costs, job insecurity, and social pressures push young Indians toward smaller families or none at all
For decades, the slogan “Hum Do, Hamare Do” symbolized the ideal Indian family—two parents, two children, a stable job, and a secure future. But with rising costs of education, shrinking job opportunities, and growing economic uncertainty, a new generational shift has emerged. Gen Z, those born between 1997 and 2012, is increasingly embracing a new outlook: “Hum Do, Hamare Ek” or even “Hum Do, Hamare Hum”, opting for a single child, remaining childfree, or considering adoption.
Population and fertility trends
According to 2025 data, India’s fertility rate has fallen to 1.9—below the replacement rate of 2.1 needed for population stability. This marks a sharp shift from earlier decades when high growth defined Indian demographics. While millennials (born between 1981 and 1996) largely followed the traditional two-child structure, even they now face financial strain in raising children.
The pressures driving change
Education costs are surging by 10–12% annually, with private schooling becoming unaffordable for many families. A degree from a private university in India can cost ₹8–15 lakh, while overseas education often runs into crores. Parents are forced into debt or heavy savings, only to face further insecurity as job markets shrink.
Stable, well-paying jobs are increasingly scarce. Instead, India’s gig economy already employing 12 million workers is projected to balloon to 235 million by 2030. But gig work lacks health insurance, retirement benefits, and stable income, leaving young families struggling to plan long-term. Many youths are turning to entrepreneurship, yet saturated markets and fierce competition make financial stability elusive.
Middle-aged crisis and mental health toll
For those above 45, the situation is harsher. With two decades of experience, many struggle to keep up with AI-driven industries, as companies prefer younger, lower-paid employees. Reskilling at this stage is difficult, leaving many vulnerable to job loss. This insecurity, combined with rising educational debt and social pressures, has deepened mental health challenges, with anxiety and depression increasingly common in families.
The way forward
Experts stress the urgent need for large-scale reforms. Skill development in technology, creativity, and communication is critical for India’s youth. Gig workers must be brought under social security and health coverage. Affordable, accessible digital education, backed by government support, is essential.
Above all, policymakers must place population balance at the center of social and economic planning. Without a skilled and secure workforce, India risks turning its population advantage into a burden in the coming decade.
