Aadhaar Not Proof of Citizenship, Election Commission Tells Supreme Court: Know Which Documents Count

Aadhaar has become a key document in our daily lives—used for everything from opening bank accounts to getting mobile SIM cards. But despite its widespread acceptance, Aadhaar is not a valid proof of Indian citizenship.

This was once again clarified by the Government of India and the Election Commission of India (ECI) during a Supreme Court hearing on July 10. The ECI emphasized that Aadhaar serves only to verify identity and residence—not nationality. In fact, every Aadhaar card clearly states this limitation.

So what does count as proof of Indian citizenship? Here’s a breakdown of accepted documents:

1. Indian Passport

A valid Indian passport is one of the most definitive documents proving Indian citizenship. Issued by the Government of India, it confirms both the identity and nationality of the holder.

2. Birth Certificate

A birth certificate issued under the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969, is a strong indicator of citizenship—especially if it shows the person was born within Indian territory. It includes crucial details like date and place of birth.

3. Voter ID (EPIC)

The Electors Photo Identity Card (EPIC), issued by the Election Commission of India, is another key document. It not only enables citizens to vote but also serves as evidence of their citizenship once they reach the age of 18.

Other Valid Proofs in Special Circumstances

In certain cases, citizenship may also be proven through:

• Registration under the Citizenship Act
• Marriage to an Indian citizen (with legal documentation)
• Naturalization for foreign nationals who acquire Indian citizenship legally

Though less common, these legal pathways are recognized under Indian law and can serve as valid proof of nationality.

While Aadhaar is vital for accessing many services, it does not confirm Indian citizenship. If you need to prove your nationality—for voting, legal procedures, or passport applications—make sure you have valid documents like a passport, birth certificate, or Voter ID.