Non-Smokers in India Face High Risk of Lung Cancer, Study Reveals
Non-Smokers in India Face High Risk of Lung Cancer, Study Reveals
A recent study published in The Lancet Regional Health Southeast Asia Journal has revealed a surprising finding: a significant portion of lung cancer patients in India are non-smokers. This research highlights that the nature of lung cancer cases in Southeast Asia differs from other regions due to unique environmental and genetic risk factors.
Beyond Smoking
Lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Traditionally, smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke have been seen as the primary causes of this deadly disease. However, new research indicates that the causes extend beyond tobacco use.
Unique Characteristics in Southeast Asia
Lung cancer cases are rising rapidly in India, with air pollution being a major factor. A recent study found that lung cancer accounts for a significant portion of cancer-related deaths in the country. Shockingly, most patients have never smoked. The study highlights that Southeast Asia, including India, has unique risk factors compared to other regions. Air pollution causes lung cancer even among non-smokers.
Researchers from Tata Memorial Hospital noted that India’s lung cancer diagnosis occurs about ten years earlier than in Western countries, possibly due to the country’s younger population. The rate of lung cancer has increased from 6.62 per 100,000 in 1990 to 7.7 per 100,000 in 2019, with a significant rise expected in urban areas by 2025. The study also pointed out that men are more affected than women due to higher tobacco use.
The 2022 World Air Quality Report stated that South Asia has 37 of the world’s 40 most polluted cities. Countries like India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, and Thailand are the worst hit by natural disasters, contributing to high lung cancer rates. Climate change is worsening this public health challenge, according to the study published in The Lancet’s eClinical Medicine Journal.
Causes of Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers
Air Pollution
India’s severe air pollution is a major risk factor. Long-term exposure to PM2.5, asbestos, and other pollutants increases lung cancer risk. According to the World Air Quality Report 2023, 96% of India’s population is exposed to PM2.5 levels over seven times the WHO’s guideline.
Climate Change
Climate change exacerbates lung cancer risks. South Asian countries, including India, have high lung cancer rates due to natural disasters.
Genetic Factors
Genetic factors like hormonal status and pre-existing lung disease also contribute. Mutations in genes such as EGFR are more common in non-smokers with lung cancer.
Age Factor
Non-smokers in India are diagnosed with lung cancer at a younger age (54-70) compared to the West. India’s younger population contributes to this early presentation.
Challenges and Solutions
High Tuberculosis Rate
High TB incidence delays lung cancer diagnosis, as symptoms overlap. Early identification and treatment are crucial.
Socioeconomic Inequities
Inequities in socioeconomic status and healthcare access increase lung cancer burden. Only 5% of patients seek timely surgical help, compared to 20% in the West.
Reducing Lung Cancer Risk
- Quit Smoking: Significantly lowers lung cancer risk.
- Limit Secondhand Smoke: Reduces exposure to harmful smoke.
- Test for Radon: Reduce radon levels in homes.
- Follow Safety Protocols: Protect against carcinogens in the workplace.
- Limit Air Pollution Exposure: Use air filters and monitor air quality.
- Adopt a Healthy Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and maintain a healthy weight.
- Seek Medical Advice: High-risk individuals should consult healthcare providers for early detection and treatment.
Proactive measures can significantly lower lung cancer risk and improve health outcomes in India and Southeast Asia.
