From White Coating to Red Bumps: What Your Tongue Is Saying About Your Body

Your tongue can show early signs of your overall health. A healthy tongue is usually pink, moist, and has small bumps called papillae. These help with taste. But changes in its colour, texture or feeling might point to health problems that need attention.

Here’s what to know.

Yellow or Brown Tongue May Point to Poor Hygiene or Habits

If your tongue looks yellow or brown, it may be due to smoking, drinking a lot of coffee or tea, or not cleaning your mouth properly. Sometimes, using strong mouthwashes or having a dry mouth can also cause this. If your face and eyes look yellow too, it could be a sign of liver or gallbladder trouble and you should visit a doctor.

White Tongue Could Mean an Infection

A white layer on the tongue may be oral thrush, which is a yeast infection. It is common and treatable. Another cause can be lichen planus, which leaves white lines or patterns inside the mouth. People who smoke may develop white patches called leukoplakia. These should be checked by a doctor, as they could turn serious.

Sore or Bumpy Tongue May Be Due to Injury

Sometimes, the tongue feels sore or has bumps because of biting it or eating hot food. These small injuries usually heal on their own. If the soreness stays for many days, it may be due to an infection or another health issue.

Ulcers on the Tongue Can Be Triggered by Stress or Brushing

Mouth ulcers can appear on the tongue. These may happen from brushing too hard, biting your tongue, or even stress and tiredness. Pregnancy or some medicines can also cause them. Most ulcers heal in a few weeks, but if they don’t, it’s best to see a doctor.

Red Tongue Might Mean Vitamin Deficiency or Infection

A bright red tongue can be caused by a lack of important vitamins like B12 or iron. Some infections in children like scarlet fever or Kawasaki disease also cause red tongues. These need fast medical care.

Swollen Tongue Can Be Serious

A swollen tongue may be due to an allergy, injury, or not getting enough nutrients. If your tongue swells after eating something, it might cause trouble breathing. Go to a doctor right away if that happens.

Black, Hairy Tongue Is Caused by Bacteria Build-up

Sometimes, the tongue can look black and hairy. This happens when dead skin builds up and traps bacteria or food. It is more likely if you smoke or do not clean your mouth well. Cleaning your tongue with a brush or scraper can help.

Drink enough water, clean your tongue daily, avoid smoking, and chew sugar-free gum to help make more saliva. If you see colour changes, feel pain or see patches that don’t go away, speak to a doctor. Your tongue may be showing you something important.