FSSAI Issues a Stern Advisory on Unauthorised Use of Liquid Nitrogen in Food and Drinks

The FSSAI’s advisory sternly warned food business operators (FBOs) against the non-compliant use of liquid nitrogen. Any establishment found to be in violation will face statutory actions under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, along with the rules and regulations established thereunder. 

12 June 2024

By Ishika Kumar

The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has recently issued a significant advisory concerning the unauthorised use of liquid nitrogen in food and beverages. 

This advisory specifically targets establishments such as restaurants, bars and catering companies, cautioning them against the usage of this substance at the point of sale to enhance the visual appeal of their offerings, like it is often used. 

The food safety regulator’s move stems from multiple instances where liquid nitrogen has been misused, posing serious health risks to consumers.

Misuse of Liquid Nitrogen in the Food Industry

The FSSAI has noted that liquid nitrogen is often used in various food items like ice creams, cocktails, meetha paan and bakery products to create a dramatic and theatrical effect. This practice, although visually appealing, is not authorised and can lead to severe health complications. 

The advisory propounds that such uses are intended to attract customers by adding a visual allure during the serving process. However, the direct addition of liquid nitrogen to food and drinks right before consumption deviates from its otherwise sanctioned applications and can be extremely hazardous.

Health Risks

The dangers associated with the ingestion of liquid nitrogen are significant. One notable incident that was mentioned in the advisory involved a 12-year-old girl in Bengaluru who had to be hospitalised with perforation peritonitis after consuming a “smoky paan” infused with liquid nitrogen at a wedding event. 

Liquid nitrogen, which boils at an extraordinarily low temperature of -196 degrees Celsius, turns into gas at room temperature. The ingestion of this ultra-cold substance can lead to severe internal injuries and, in extreme cases, be fatal due to its drastic cooling effect on the body.

Legal and Regulatory Standpoint

According to FSSAI regulations, liquid nitrogen (INS 941) is a colourless, odourless gas or liquid used for specific technological purposes such as freezing, propelling, packaging and foaming. 

The FSSAI permits its use in dairy-based desserts like ice cream under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, strictly for contact freezing and cooling during food processing. 

The addition of liquid nitrogen at the point of sale or immediately before consumption is not permitted and is considered a breach of food and safety standards.

Enforcement and Compliance

The FSSAI’s advisory sternly warns food business operators (FBOs) against the non-compliant use of liquid nitrogen. Any establishment found to be in violation will face statutory actions under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006, along with the rules and regulations established thereunder. 

The advisory serves as a clear directive to all food-serving establishments, including those operating at fairs, marriages and other events, to cease the use of liquid nitrogen in any form that falls outside the stipulated guidelines.

Implications for Food Businesses

For food businesses, this advisory necessitates a thorough review and adjustment of their current practices and curated menus involving liquid nitrogen. It emphasises that liquid nitrogen’s intended use is strictly confined to specific food processing techniques only and must not be extended to point-of-sale applications. 

The FSSAI’s vigilance in this matter signifies the importance of adhering to food safety regulations to prevent health hazards and ensure consumer safety.

In Conclusion

The FSSAI’s advisory on the unauthorised use of liquid nitrogen in food and drinks is a crucial reminder of the responsibilities that come with operating within the food industry. While the visual and theatrical appeal of food can be an attractive proposition for customers, it must never compromise safety standards. Food business operators are urged to comply strictly with the guidelines and regulations to avoid legal repercussions and ensure the well-being of their customers and patrons.

This advisory not only serves as a cautionary tale for those in the food and beverage industry but also highlights the importance of regulatory oversight in maintaining public health standards. The FSSAI’s proactive approach as a regulatory body in addressing this issue reflects its efforts in safeguarding the health and safety of consumers by cautioning them, issuing the advisory to the food-beverage industry, and ensuring that food innovations do not come at the cost of consumer welfare.

As the food industry continues to evolve, it remains imperative for food business operators to stay informed and compliant with all safety regulations, prioritising the health and safety of their customers above all else.